In a ruling that has gained a great deal of attention and scrutiny, Southern District of New York Judge Jed Rakoff rejected the “neither admit nor deny” settlement in the SEC’s enforcement action against Citigroup, a ruling that is now on appeal in the Second Circuit (about which refer here). Among other things, Judge
Corporate Penalties and the SEC
The SEC first acquired the right to impose civil penalties against corporations in the Securities Enforcement Remedies and Penny Stock Reform Act of 1990. Since the Remedies Act was enacted, the SEC has struggled with the question of when it is appropriate to obtain money penalties from corporate issuers.
In January 2006, in